Officina Artis Cretariae  
 
What is now old, once was new ... Antiqua quae nunc sunt, fuerunt olim nova...
 

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TERRA SIGILLATA

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Presumably, Terra sigillata is the kind of pottery, was invented according to meet the demand for imitations of metal vessels, which were expensive and hard to reach for wider circles of the society of the Roman province. First manufactures of the Terra sigillata wares were functioning in Italy in the 1st century B.C. yet. Terra sigillata wares were produced in various centers: in Asia Minor, on Cyprus, in Africa or in Danubian provinces, practically till the end of the antiquity. Probably, the largest number of vessels were produced in workshops had come into being in Southern Central and Eastern Gaul. No other kind of the ancient pottery extended as widely. Inter alia therefore Terra sigillata is called "a porcelain of an antique" sometimes. Owing to a habbit of signing wares by potters with their name-stamps and through the scientific research of sets of the decoration used by producers of wares with a relief decoration, there is possibility to investigate ways of the market and, in many cases, to define their chronology with accuracy of ca 30-40 years. Therefore Terra sigillata is very valuable information source, especially in the context of findings from the territory of "Barbaricum", which was not joined to the Roman Empire. Numerous occurance of the Terra sigillata on the territory of the Polish land evidences about vivacious trade contacts of the local cultures people with Roman provinces. Terra sigillata products inflew there whilst the 2nd half of the 2nd century and the 1st half of the 3rd century particularly numerously. Their number can be quantified as 423 wares,  present on 164 archaeological sites in 156 localities in Poland.  The most popular form were decorated by relief bowls of the Dragendorff 37type.

 

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In 1993, at Goverments Archaeological Museum in Warsaw were presented Terra sigillata wares from the collection of the Prähistorische Staatssammlung in München. From the guide of this exhibition by Jochen Garbsch, I chose three examples of vessels in the sigillata-type. (Garbsch 1982)

   
 
             
 
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